The LRC circuit
A LRC circuit consist of an inductor, resistor, capacitor, and AC voltage source all connected in series, as shown below.
The current I will either lead or lag the applied voltage V by the angle f depending upon whether the circuit is capacitively or inductively dominated.
Phasor Diagrams
A phasor diagram is a visual tool which can simplify the analysis of ac circuit problems. A typical phasor diagram is shown below:
The assembly of vectors rotates ccw about the origin, and the y components of each vector gives the instantaneous values.
Impedance
Capacitors and inductors inhibit current flow via capacitive and inductive reactances:
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